ACVPM Toxicology Practice Exam 2026 – Complete Prep Resource

Copper accumulation in the liver that leads to chronic hepatitis is strongly linked to breed predispositions. Besides Bedlington Terriers, West Highland White Terriers are a well-recognized breed susceptible to this copper-associated liver disease. A genetic defect in copper metabolism in these dogs impairs biliary excretion, allowing copper to build up in hepatocytes over time and cause oxidative injury, inflammation, and progressive liver damage. Clinically this often shows as chronic liver disease with elevated liver enzymes and possible cirrhosis. Diagnosis is based on measuring hepatic copper concentration, typically via liver biopsy, with values above the normal range supporting copper-associated hepatitis. Treatment aims to lower hepatic copper and prevent further accumulation: a diet low in copper, zinc supplementation to reduce intestinal absorption, and chelation therapy to remove existing copper, with ongoing monitoring of liver function and copper levels. Other breeds can develop liver disease as well, but West Highland White Terriers are the best-recognized non-Bedlington breed for copper storage disease.